Variations

Gulf FIDIC Valuing variations under FIDIC in the Gulf Variations on a Gulf FIDIC job are instructed under Clause 13 and valued on defined rules. Bill rates, pro-rata rates and new rates, and why a variation is not a claim. 6 min read Variations Loss and expense is not the same as an extension of time Time and money are separate entitlements with separate tests. Why an extension of time does not carry money with it, what has to be ascertained, and where these claims usually fail. 7 min read Ireland Valuing variations on an Irish construction contract How change gets priced and carried into the payment claim on RIAI and Public Works Contracts, and why an unvalued variation is a variation that does not get paid. 6 min read Variations When the Employer's Requirements and the Contractor's Proposals disagree, who pays? Under Design and Build a divergence between the ER and the CP is where money quietly disappears. Whether resolving it is a paid variation or the contractor's own risk depends on the contract, and on where the divergence sits. 7 min read Variations Pricing a variation before it is built: quotations and their traps Agreeing the price and the time effect of a change before work starts is better for everyone. Why the mechanism is used so rarely, and what acceptance actually settles. 6 min read Variations Valuing the Contractor's Design Portion under the SBC The CDP lets the contractor design a defined part of the works. It is valued by its own rules against the CDP Analysis, and keeping it on separate lines stops designed and measured work blurring in the certificate. 6 min read Variations The work nobody priced Between the main contract and the packages there is always something no one included. Finding it early is cheap; finding it on site is not. 4 min read Variations A change control procedure that people actually follow Most change control fails because it is slower than the site. A procedure that takes ten minutes gets used; one that takes a week gets bypassed. 4 min read Australia Valuing variations on an AS 4000 job in Australia A variation under AS 4000 is valued by the Superintendent against a hierarchy of rates, and it flows into the next progress claim and payment claim like any other work. 6 min read New Zealand Valuing variations under NZS 3910 in New Zealand Variations under NZS 3910:2023 are priced and certified through the Engineer to the Contract, then carried into the payment claim so the change is paid on the same cycle as the work. 6 min read Variations Instructions from people who cannot give them Only the person named in the contract can vary the works. An instruction from anyone else is not one, however senior or however reasonable. 4 min read Variations Omitting work: what you can and cannot take away The power to omit is a power to reduce the scope, not a power to give the work to somebody else. That distinction is a well-worn route into a damages claim. 5 min read Variations Design development is not a variation Detail that was always going to be needed is development. Detail that changes what was priced is a variation. That line is where design and build argues. 5 min read Variations Prime cost sums and the adjustment nobody does A prime cost sum is a placeholder for goods from a supplier the employer selects. It is adjusted against actual cost, and the adjustment is routinely forgotten. 4 min read Variations Provisional sums: defined, undefined, and why the difference costs money A defined provisional sum is allowed for in the contractor programme and preliminaries. An undefined one is not. Getting the classification wrong changes what happens to time and preliminaries. 6 min read Singapore Valuing variations on a Singapore construction contract Variations move into the payment claim like any other work. Value them on the contract rates under the PSSCOC or SIA form, and carry them through the SOP Act cycle. 6 min read Hong Kong Valuing variations for the payment claim in Hong Kong Instructed change under HKIA and government GCC contracts belongs in the payment claim for the period it is valued. How to get variations priced and into the claim on time. 6 min read Malaysia Valuing variations on a PAM contract in Malaysia Instructed change carries value that belongs in the next payment claim. Value it against the contract rates on a PAM form and get it into the claim while it is fresh. 6 min read Qatar FIDIC Valuing Variations under FIDIC Clause 13 on a Qatar project How instructed change is valued under Clause 13, how it feeds the next IPC, and why carrying Variations monthly protects cash on a Doha FIDIC job. 6 min read Variations Dayworks: when they apply and how to check them Dayworks are the last resort in the valuation hierarchy, not the convenient one. When they are properly used, what the sheets must show, and the checks that take five minutes. 6 min read Variations Three percentages, not one Daywork additions are stated separately for labour, materials and plant. Blending them into a single figure produces a total that cannot be agreed. 4 min read Variations Confirming a verbal instruction A verbal instruction binds nobody until it is confirmed in writing. The confirmation route is in the contract, and it has a deadline. 4 min read Saudi FIDIC Valuing Variations under FIDIC Clause 13 in Saudi Arabia On a Saudi FIDIC job every change runs through Clause 13. Value it against the Bill rates, price it, and get it into the next Interim Payment Certificate before it becomes a claim. 6 min read South Africa Valuing variations on a JBCC contract in South Africa A variation only becomes money when it is valued and certified. On JBCC the principal agent instructs, the quantity surveyor prices, and the certificate carries it. 6 min read Variations Is it actually a variation? Instructions, clarifications and change Not every instruction is a variation and not every variation arrives as an instruction. How to tell the difference, and what to do about verbal instructions on site. 6 min read UK Valuing variations in QScope under JCT and NEC4 A live variation register valued against bill rates or compensation events, keeping unagreed change out of the certified sum until it is agreed. 6 min read Variations Valuing variations under JCT: which rule applies Contract rates, pro-rata, fair rates, dayworks or a lump sum quotation. The rules in order, and why recording which one you used matters more than the number itself. 6 min read